Wow, Dragon, that's a lot to answer, but........
If you are planning on carving walking sticks and/or canes, most any sapling will work fine. Find ones with interesting shapes, or ones that are very straight, depending on your taste. I let mine dry with the bark on for a couple months to 6 months, depending on the diameter. Aspen carves easily and makes nice lightweight sticks, but I've done a few in oak (hard carving) and maple (not quite so hard). Diamond willow, if you have it in your area is great. Box elder works well, too, as will just about any sapling size tree.
If you know a logger in your area, ask about recovering stumps, or maybe even scrounging some aspen or basswod culls, if you plan on carving it . rip it into usable size, wax the ends and let dry for about a year per inch of thickness. I know that sounds like a long time, and it is, but unless you can get it kiln dried somewhere, that's about what your options are.
If you are cutting wood off land that you don't own, make sure you have permission. Some county road commissions and highway depts will give you permits to cut off right-of-way, especially if they are getting ready to remove growth from row's.
Check around for blowdowns. Even the USFS may issue permits for cleaning up those, and you can pick up permits in some areas for cutting firewood (aka carving wood). Logging operations allow you to cut tops from what they leave after removing saw or pulp logs. These may include, aspen, maple, oak, basswood, beech, pine and spruce up to 8 or 10 inches in dia..
Burned over areas may be salvaged for burned stumps.......hey, there are all kinds of possibilities. Just make sure you don't trespass or cut without permission. There are plenty of legal oportuniies, so don't abuse the priveledges.
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hunting, and good carving to ya!
Al